What Kind of Art Was Important in the Romantic Time Period?
Romantic Menstruum Music
The Romantic menstruation of music is from 1830 to 1900.
The Romantic period was a time where composers, artists and authors moved away from the formal restraint of the Classical period.
In literature, authors like Byron, Scott, Wordsworth and Goethe led the mode.
In the musical world, composers such as Weber, Schubert, Schumann, Chopin, Liszt, Berlioz and Wagner were heavyweights of Romantic catamenia music.
(Note: Beethoven is often seen as the link composer betwixt the Classical and Romantic periods. His decease in 1827 precedes the outset of the Romantic flow, but much of his later music displays many of the features of the Romantic menstruation).
Cardinal Features of the Romantic menstruation
There are various "fingerprints" of Romantic music, which yous should mind out for:
- Emotional expression – this became more important than formal structural considerations as composers rebelled against the formal restraint of the classical period.
- Large expansion in size of orchestra and in types of instrument.
- New structures/forms – rhapsody, nocturne, song cycle
- Increasingly elaborate harmonic progressions
- Longer melodies than classical period
- Bigger range of dynamics
- Larger range in pitch (could be very easily expressed on the pianoforte).
- Nationalism in music – some composers sought to use their compositions to celebrate their countries e.1000. Sibelius Finlandia
Romantic Period Music Examples
Accept a listen to this Piano Sonata in B minor by Franz Liszt.
[CC By-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/iii.0)],
via Wikimedia Commons
Can you hear the some of the "fingerprints" of the style listed above?
Mind out for the emotional expression, the elaborate harmonic progressions and the big ranges of dynamics and pitch.
Program music
Some composers in the Romantic period used their music to effort to describe a specific identify, item, person or idea.
A composition written in this descriptive mode is chosen plan music.
Plan music is instrumental – there are no lyrics.
Romeo and Juliet by Tchaikovsky
This is an example of programme music.
It is a symphonic poem (single motility piece of program music) based on the Shakespeare play "Romeo and Juliet". This tragic tale tells the story of Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet who are from rival feeding families, but who fall in dear. Even so, the story ends tragically as they kill themselves.
The uses of contrasting themes for different characters in the piece is crucial.
Have a listen to the themes for Romeo and Juliet, which are gentle and lyrical:
The theme for the Montagues and Capulets, on the other hand, is fast and syncopated to illustrate the hatred between the families:
There is also a theme for Friar Lawrence:
Not surprisingly, the music towards the stop of the piece is very dramatic!! Tchaikovsky uses lots of percussion, including timpani and cymbals to correspond the drama (e.g. there is a very loud cymbal crash to signal Romeo and Juliet's deaths!). Tchaikovsky also uses irregular rhythms in the fight sections to increment the drama in contrast to the smooth regular rhythms of the love theme.
Have a listen to this dramatic music towards the cease of the slice:
Beethoven, Liszt and Debussy as well wrote programme music.
For case, in Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony, the woodwind instruments are used to imitate the audio of birds.
Song Music in the Romantic Menstruation
Vocal music maintained its popularity in the Romantic period.
Lieder
Lied is the German word for "song".
Lieder (plural for "lied") were very popular in Europe during the Romantic flow.
Schubert is the almost famous composer of lieder (he composed over 500 of them!!).
Have a listen to this example of a lied by Schubert:
The emotive and dramatic lyrics (typically sung in German) are usually based on High german poems of the 18th and 19th centuries and oft tell a story.
Lieder are usually equanimous for i vocaliser and a piano.
The piano office contains a significant amount of musical involvement as well.
The structure of lieder differs:
- some are strophic (the verses all accept the same tune)
- others are through-composed (the music is unlike for each poesy).
Apply of Motifs in Lieder
Lieder typically use motifs (these are curt $.25 of music that represent a character, an idea or a identify). The motifs reappear during the song.
In Schubert'south "Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel" (shown below), the pianoforte motif recreates the sound of the spinning wheel.
Song Cycles
Composers would sometimes group songs on the same theme into a collection of lieder chosen a vocal bicycle.
Schubert created a number of song cycles, most notably "The Fair Maid of the Mill" and "Wintertime Journey", both based on the poems of a German poet called Muller and both quite deplorable in their feel.
About The Author
Ben Dunnett LRSM is the founder of Music Theory University. He is a music teacher, examiner, composer and pianist with over twenty years experience in music education. Read More than
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